Filoloji tarihi nasıl aydınlatır?

This chapter examines how data from language history can illuminate periods of Hungarian–Turkic contact for which written sources are insufficient. It first classifies Hungarian place names by structure and proposes that the suffix +sÁg in names such as Barcaság and Kunság arose as a translation of the Turkic +lXk. It discusses Old Turkic edgü as the source of Old Hungarian egy(+ház) 'church', the Hungarian place names in the founding charter of Tihany Abbey (1055), and the personal name Tonuzaba in the Gesta Hungarorum, interpreted as 'pig' + 'father'. It then lists Hungarian names regarded as Turkic in origin: single-element names (e.g. Ajton, Kean, Szatmár, and names in -mAz such as Balmaz and Szatymaz compared with Karachay forms), formations with +lIk > +lo or its translation +sÁg, and compounds such as Fehérvár, Etelköz and Karassó. The chapter argues that dialects cut off from the centre of the language, such as that of the Csángó Hungarians of Moldavia, may preserve archaic features and traces of other contacts. In oral literature it compares proverbs, epithets used in folk texts, marriage terms and tale heroes, the oath of nineteen brothers in the Karachay Nart epic with a Hungarian tale, and a Gagauz song about Manoli with the Hungarian legend of Kelemen the Mason and the rain prayer; it also mentions a published collection of 77 Turkic and 77 Hungarian tales. It concludes that comparative research must treat culture as a whole, attend to fine detail and handle sources with caution.